What term is used to describe the division of government powers?

The term that describes the division of government powers is "Separation of Powers." This concept is fundamental to the structure of the American government, where power is divided among three distinct branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Each branch has its own responsibilities and functions, which helps to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.

The legislative branch is responsible for making laws, the executive branch implements and enforces those laws, and the judicial branch interprets the laws and resolves disputes. This division ensures a system of checks and balances, where each branch can monitor and limit the actions of the others, promoting a balanced and fair government.

While federalism also refers to the distribution of power, particularly between the national and state governments, it is not exclusively about the internal division within the national government itself. Instead, it highlights the relationship and power dynamics between different levels of government. Understanding the separation of powers is crucial to grasping how the framework of American governance is designed to maintain accountability and protect individual liberties.