What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?

The U.S. Congress is comprised of two distinct chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives. This bicameral structure is fundamental to the legislative process in the United States, enabling both representation and checks and balances within the federal government.

The Senate is made up of two senators from each state, regardless of population, serving staggered six-year terms. This design ensures that all states have equal representation in the upper chamber. In contrast, the House of Representatives consists of members whose number is based on the population of each state, serving shorter two-year terms. This arrangement allows for a more direct representation of the electorate, as representatives must regularly seek re-election and respond to their constituents' needs.

Other options are incorrect as they refer to different governmental bodies or structures. For example, the House of Lords is part of the British Parliament, not the U.S. Congress, and the Cabinet is an executive body that advises the President, while the Supreme Court is part of the judicial branch, focused on interpreting laws, rather than creating them. Hence, the correct answer underscores the fundamental framework of the U.S. legislative system.